How REGRANEX works
Understanding REGRANEX gel in practice for diabetic neuropathic ulcers
REGRANEX gel features endogenous platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) therapy, shown to initiate the healing process by attracting repair cells to the wound.1 PDGF works to:
- Stimulate fibroblast proliferation to increase the growth of granulation tissue2
- Increase the rate of re-epithelialization and revascularization2
- Promote collagen production2
REGRANEX gel in practice – patient case studies
Case study 1: 50-year old male with recurrent diabetes-related foot ulcers**
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Day 1 – Ulcer sharp debrided and REGRANEX gel treatment applied. Patient off-loaded with a postoperative shoe and crutches
Day 17 – sharp debrided and REGRANEX gel treatment continued (same applied on day 7)
Day 27 – REGRANEX gel treatment discontinued and covered with suitable dressing or gauze.
Case study 2: DFU patient discharged from ER with REGRANEX after debridement
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Day 1 – Ulcer measurement: 3cm x 2.5cm x 0.2cm
Day 34 – Ulcer measurement: 2cm x 1cm x 0.1cm
Day 71 – Wound resolved in 2.4 months following initial sharp debridement, REGRANEX gel and off-loading.
The stages of wound healing
Stage 1: Homeostasis - clotting and vascular response
Platelets release PDGF to initiate the chemotaxis of neutrophils, macrophages, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts.1
Stage 2: Inflammation
Neutrophils remove foreign material, bacteria, non-functional host cells, and damaged matrix components from the wound site. Fixed tissue monocytes are activated to become macrophages, releasing PDGF and TGF-ß to further attract fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells to the wound. Macrophages remove non-functional host cells, bacteria, damaged matrix, and foreign debris.1
Stage 3 – Proliferation – epithelial healing, contraction and scar formation
Fibroblasts, recruited by PDGF, produce the new matrix needed to restore structure and function to injured tissue. Fibroblasts attach to the cables of the provisional fibrin matrix and begin to produce collagen.1
Stage 4 – Scar remodelling*
Continued synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components to establish a new skin matrix.1 Collagenase enzymes break collagen into smaller fragments, then the ECM is rebuilt to provide strength to mature scar tissue.1
How to break the cycle of inflammation3
Ongoing, daily debridement can help break the cycle of inflammation by removing macroscopic and microscopic necrotic tissue from diabetic foot ulcers and other types of chronic wound.4
Collagenase SANTYL◊ Ointment is indicated for debriding chronic dermal ulcers.
*Because REGRANEX gel is indicated for diabetic neuropathic ulcers that extend into the subcutaneous tissue or beyond, it is not indicated for use during this phase of healing.5
** 50-year-old male with type 2 diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, left fifth toe amputation for osteomyelitis, stenting of right and left external iliac arteries. Recurrent left foot ulcers for 3-4 years. Fully ambulatory in post-op shoe with cut-out under ulcer.
***Patient was presented to ER with DFU. Angiogram to determine vascularity. A week later, sharp debridement was performed. Patient was then discharged to home care with REGRANEX gel, three days post-debridement with forefoot offloading wedge shoe. Home health nurse monitored patient until seen four weeks later.
Important safety information
Indications: REGRANEX (becaplermin) gel 0.01% ("REGRANEX") is indicated for the treatment of lower extremity diabetic neuropathic ulcers that extend into the subcutaneous tissue or beyond and have an adequate blood supply, when used as an adjunct to, and not a substitute for, good ulcer care practices including initial sharp debridement, pressure relief and infection control.
Contraindications: REGRANEX is contraindicated in patients with known neoplasm(s) at the site(s) of application.
Warnings and Precautions: Malignancies distant from the site of application have occurred in REGRANEX users in a clinical study and in postmarketing use. REGRANEX contains becaplermin, a recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor, which promotes cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. The efficacy of REGRANEX has not been established for the treatment of pressure ulcers and venous stasis ulcers and has not been evaluated for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic ulcers that do not extend through the dermis into subcutaneous tissue or ischemic diabetic ulcers. The effects of becaplermin on exposed joints, tendons, ligaments, and bone have not been established in humans. REGRANEX is a non-sterile, low bioburden preserved product. Therefore, it should not be used in wounds that close by primary intention.
Adverse Reactions: In clinical trials, erythematous rashes occurred in 2% of subjects treated with REGRANEX (and good ulcer care) or placebo (and good ulcer care). In a retrospective follow-up study, eight of 291 subjects (2.7%) from the REGRANEX group, and two of 200 subjects (1%) from the placebo group were diagnosed with cancers during the follow-up period. An increased rate of death from systemic malignancies in patients dispensed three or more tubes of REGRANEX, observed in one of three retrospective postmarketing studies. Other adverse reactions that have been reported include a burning sensation, and erythema at the site of application. The risk information provided herein is not comprehensive. To see the complete prescribing information, please see the FDA-approved product labeling, here
Indications: Collagenase SANTYL Ointment (“SANTYL”) is indicated for debriding chronic dermal ulcers and severely burned areas.
Contraindications: SANTYL is contraindicated in patients who have shown local or systemic hypersensitivity to collagenase.
Warnings and Precautions: The optimal pH range of collagenase is 6 to 8. Higher or lower pH conditions will decrease the enzyme’s activity and appropriate precautions should be taken. The enzymatic activity is also adversely affected by certain detergents, and heavy metal ions such as mercury and silver which are used in some antiseptics. As such, the wound should be properly cleansed prior to application of SANTYL. Debilitated patients should be closely monitored for systemic bacterial infections because of the theoretical possibility that debriding enzymes may increase the risk of bacteremia. A slight transient erythema has been noted occasionally in the surrounding tissue, particularly when SANTYL was not confined to the wound. SANTYL is not indicated for wound closure. Discontinue use of SANTYL after granulation tissue is well-established.
Adverse Reactions: No allergic sensitivity or toxic reactions have been noted in clinical use when used as directed. The risk information provided herein is not comprehensive. To see the complete Prescribing Information, please see the FDA-approved product labelling, here: https://www.santyl.com/pdf/SANTYL-PI.pdf
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit MedWatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
References:
1. Diegelmann RF, Evans MC. Wound healing: an overview of acute, fibrotic and delayed healing. Front Biosci. 2004;9:283-289.
2. Heldin CH, Westermark B. Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor. Physiol Rev. 1999;79:1283-1316.
3. Edmonds M, Foster AV, Vowden P. Wound bed preparation for diabetic ulcers. In: Moffatt C, ed. European Wound Management Association (EWMA). Position Document: Wound Bed Preparation in Practice. London, England: MEP Ltd; 2004:6-11.
4. Enoch S, Harding K. Wound bed preparation: the science behind the removal of barriers to healing. Wounds. 2003;15:213-229.
5. REGRANEX gel Prescribing Information.